Babak Khorramdin

Babak Khorramdin
Patung Babak Khorramdin di kota Babek, Republik Otonom Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
Nama asal	بابک خرمدین
Lahir	795 atau 798 Kaleybar,^[1] Persia
Meninggal	7 Januari 838 (usia 40 atau 43)^[2] Samarra
Tahun aktif	23 tahun
Dikenal atas	Pemimpin Khorram-Dinān
Lawan politik	Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah

Bagian dari seri mengenai

Sejarah Iran

Mitos Sejarah

Wangsa Pisydadi
Wangsa Kayani

Zaman Kuno

	SM
Peradaban Kura-Aras	3400–2000
Proto-Elam	3200–2700
Elam	2700–539
Kekaisaran Akadia	2400–2150
Bangsa Kass	ca.1500 – ca.1155
Kekaisaran Asiria Baru	911–609
Urartu	860–590
Bangsa Mannea	850–616

Zaman Kekaisaran

Kekaisaran Media	678–550 SM
(Kerajaan Saka)	652–625 SM
Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru	626–539 SM
Kekaisaran Akhaimenia	550–330 SM
Kerajaan Armenia	331 SM – 428 Masehi
Atropatene	320an SM – Abad III Masehi
Kekaisaran Seleukia	312–63 SM
Kekaisaran Partia	247 SM – 224 Masehi
Kerajaan Suren	119 SM – 240 Masehi
Kekaisaran Sasania	224–651
Wangsa Zarmihri	Abad VI – 785
Wangsa Qarini	550an – Abad XI

Abad Pertengahan

Penaklukan Persia oleh Muslim	633-644
Kekhalifahan Rasyidin	632-661
Kekhalifahan Umayyah	661–750
Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah	750–1258
Wangsa Dabuyi	642–760
Wangsa Bawandi	651–1349
Wangsa Masmughan dari Damawan	651–760
Wangsa Paduspani	665–1598
Wangsa Justani	791 – Abad XI
Wangsa Alawi	864 – Abad XIV
Wangsa Tahiri	821–873
Kekaisaran Samania	819–999
Wangsa Saffari	861–1003
Wangsa Ghuri	pra-879 – 1141
Wangsa Saji	889–929
Wangsa Sallari	919–1062
Wangsa Ziyari	930–1090
Wangsa Ilyasi	932–968
Wangsa Buwaihi	934–1062
Kekaisaran Ghaznawia	977–1186
Wangsa Kakuyi	1008-1141
Wangsa Nasri	1029-1236
Kekaisaran Seljuk	1037–1194
Kekaisaran Khwarezmia	1077–1231
Wangsa Eldiguzi	1135–1225
Wangsa Atabeg dari Yazd	1141–1319
Wangsa Salghuri	1148–1282
Wangsa Hazaraspi	1155–1424
Wangsa Mihrabani	1236–1537
Dinasti Kurt	1244–1396
Kekaisaran Ilkhan	1256–1335
Wangsa Cobani	1335–1357
Wangsa Muzaffari	1335–1393
Wangsa Jalayiri	1337–1376
Sarbadar	1337–1376
Wangsa Inju	1335–1357
Wangsa Afrasiyab	1349–1504
Marasyiyah	1359–1596
Kekaisaran Timuriyah	1370–1507
Wangsa Kia'i	1389–1592
Kara Koyunlu	1406–1468
Ak Koyunlu	1468–1508

Awal Zaman Moderen

Wangsa Safawi	1501–1736
(Wangsa Hotaki)	1722–1729
Wangsa Afsyari	1736–1796
Kekhanan Talisy	1747–1826
Wangsa Zandi	1750–1794
Wangsa Qajari	1789–1925

Zaman Moderen

Wangsa Pahlewi	1925–1979
Pemerintah Iran Sementara	1979–1980
Republik Islam Iran	1980–Sekarang

Referensi

^ saeed Nafīsī, Bābak-e Ḵorramdīn, 2nd ed., Tehran, 1342 Š./1963, p.152
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Yusofi
^ 3 Safar 223 A.H.
^ Arthur Goldschmidt, Lawrence Davidson, "A concise history of the Middle East", Westview Press; Eighth Edition (July 21, 2005). Pg 81: "..a Persian named Babak whose rebellion lasted twenty years. Victorious in every battle, these uprisings were inspired by Persia's pre-Islamic religions, such as Zoroastrianism (The faith of Sassanid rulers) and a peasant movement called Mazdakism"
^ Whittow (1996), The Making of Orthodox Byzantium, 600–1025. New studies in medieval history, London: Macmillan, hlm. 195, 203 & 215
Azerbaijan was the scene of frequent anti-caliphal and anti-Arab revolts during the eighth and ninth centuries, and Byzantine sources talk of Persian warriors seeking refuge in the 830s from the caliph's armies by taking service under the Byzantine emperor Theophilos. [...] Azerbaijan had a Persian population and was a traditional centre of the Zoroastrian religion. [...] The Khurramites were a [...] Persian sect, influenced by Shiite doctrines, but with their roots in a pre-Islamic Persian religious movement.
^ Daniel Pipes, "Slave soldiers and Islam: the genesis of a military system ", Middle East Forum, 1981. pg 153: "Al-Mutasim undertook two military campaigns during his caliphate, the attack on Amorium (a town in Anatolia) and the suppression of the Persian rebel Babak."
^ Bernard Lewis, "The Arabs in History", Oxford University Press, 2002. pp 109–110.
^ Armenian historian Vardan Areweltsʻi, ca. 1198–1271 notes: In these days, a man of the PERSIAN race, named Bab, who had went from Baltat killed many of the race of Ismayil(what Armenians called Arabs) by sword and took many slaves and thought himself to be immortal... See: La domination arabe en Armènie, extrait de l’ histoire universelle de Vardan, traduit de l’armènian et annotè, J. Muyldermans, Louvain et Paris, 1927, pg 119: En ces jours-lá, un homme de la race PERSE, nomm é Bab, sortant de Baltat, faiser passer par le fil de l’épée beaucoup de la race d’Ismayēl tandis qu’il.. Original Grabar: Havoursn haynosig ayr mi hazkes Barsitz Pap anoun yelyal i Baghdada, arganer zpazoums i sour suseri hazken Ismayeli, zpazoums kerelov. yev anser zinkn anmah. yev i mium nvaki sadager yeresoun hazar i baderazmeln youroum ent Ismayeli
^ The Arab historian ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥazm (994–1064) mentions the different Iranian revolts against the Caliphate in Al-Faṣl fi l-Milal & l-Ahwāʾ & n-Niḥal.
The Persians had the great land expanse and were greater than all other people and thought of themselves as better... after their defeated by Arabs, they rose up to fight against Islam but God did not give them victory. Among their leaders were Sunbādh, Muqanna‘, Ustasīs, Bābak and others.
«أن الفرس كانوا من سعة الملك وعلو اليد على جميع الأمم وجلالة الخطير في أنفسهم حتى أنهم كانوا يسمون أنفسهم الأحرار والأبناء وكانوا يعدون سائر الناس عبيداً لهم فلما امتحنوا بزوال الدولة عنهم على أيدي العرب وكانت العرب أقل الأمم عند الفرس خطراً تعاظمهم الأمر وتضاعفت لديهم المصيبة وراموا كيد الإسلام بالمحاربة في أوقات شتى ففي كل ذلك يظهر الله سبحانه وتعالى الحق وكان من قائمتهم سنبادة واستاسيس والمقنع وبابك وغيرهم »Ibn Ḥazm, ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad (1995), Al-Faṣl Fī Al-Milal Wa-Al-Ahwāʾ Wa-Al-Niḥal (edisi ke-1st), Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Jīl
^ Bernard Lewis (1991), "The Political Language of Islam", University of Chicago Press, pp 314. "The last and most nearly successful of the Iranian movements, however was that of Babak, who established his independence in Adharbayjan early in al-Mamun's reign."
^ "Bābak". Encyclopedia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 2017-01-13.
^ Bernard Lewis (1991), "The Political Language of Islam", University of Chicago Press, pp 482):""Babak's Iranianizing rebellion in Azerbaijan gave occasion for sentiments at the capital to harden against men who were sympathetic to the more explicitly Iranian tradition"
^ F. Daftary (1999) Sectarian and National Movements in Iran, Khurasan and Transoxania During Umayyad and Early 'Abbasid Times In History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. IV, part One, ed. M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp. 41–60. excerpt from pg 50: "The activities of the Khurammiya reached their peak in the movement of Babak al-Khurrami, whose protracted rebellion based in north-western Iran seriously threatened the stability of the Abbassid caliphate.... This revolt lasting for more than twenty years, soon spread from Azerbaijan (North/West Iran) to western and central parts of Iran.
^ Kathryn Babayan, "Mystics, monarchs, and messiahs ", Harvard CMES, 2002. pg 138: "Babak revolted in Azerbaijan (816–838), evoking Abu Muslim as a heroic symbol..and called for a return to the Iranian past"